What is Arthritis?
Arthritis is a medical condition characterized by joint inflammation and cartilage loss; which can lead to pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It encompasses various types, including osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, and septic (infectious) arthritis, affecting people of all ages.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, occurring when the cartilage designed to cushion the ends of bones gradually wears away, similar to wearing through the treads on your tires. Osteoarthritis is caused by factors such as overuse, injury, or natural wear and tear of cartilage that happens with aging. While genetics play a significant role in osteoarthritis, the specific genetic factors are complex and not fully understood, as there isn't a single gene linked to the condition. This condition typically causes more pain in weight-bearing joints, such as the knees, hips, and spine, but can also affect joints that are heavily used in work or sports, or those previously injured. In many instances, bone growths known as spurs or osteophytes can form at the edges of affected joints, and people develop increased hardness in the bone and inflammation, resulting in pain and swelling with continued joint use.​
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that impacts various parts of the body, particularly the joints. In this condition, the immune system, which typically defends the body, mistakenly produces substances that harm it. This leads to swelling in the joint lining, invading nearby tissues and generating chemicals that damage the joint surface. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect both large and small joints, as well as the spine, often causing swelling, pain, and stiffness even when the joint is at rest. In some cases, juvenile arthritis can present with similar symptoms in children.
Posttraumatic Arthritis
Posttraumatic arthritis occurs after a joint is damaged from a traumatic injury. If a fracture or broken bone affects a joint, it can harm the smooth cartilage that lines the joint's surface. This damage leads to an uneven surface, resulting in friction during movement. Over time, the joint deteriorates and develops arthritis.